Open Access Health Scientific Journal

Family Support Strategies in Improving The Quality of Life in Elderly People With Dementia

2025-07-29T13:19:34+00:00

Background: Dementia is a progressive cognitive disorder that impacts the quality of life of the elderly, causing decreased cognitive and social functions and increased dependency. Families play an important role in providing emotional, physical, social and economic support, but not all have sufficient understanding in caring for the elderly with dementia. Lack of family knowledge and skills in caring for the elderly with dementia can cause stress for caregivers and reduce the quality of life of the elderly themselves. The Alzi Surabaya Community acts as a forum for education and assistance for families to improve optimal care. This study aimed to analyze family support strategies in improving the quality of life of the elderly with dementia in the Alzi Surabaya community.
Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. Informants were selected through purposive sampling of seven families of caregivers of the elderly with dementia. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and documentation, analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions/verification. Data validity was tested by source triangulation.
Results: The results of the study from seven respondents showed that family support plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life of the elderly with dementia. Emotional support in the form of good attention and communication improves the psychological well-being of the elderly. Physical support such as assistance in self-care and providing nutritious food, maintains the health of the elderly. Economic support ensures access to health services. In addition, family involvement in social activities also helps maintain the emotional stability of the elderly. Interaction with the Alzi Surabaya community helps families in communication strategies, managing behavioral changes and strengthening social support.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the better the family support that has been given in caring for the elderly with dementia, the better their quality of life will be

The Effect of Aromatherapy Massage With Lavender Oil On Pain Levels and Quality Of Life in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients

2025-07-31T12:07:58+00:00

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has increased significantly worldwide. Diabetes is a A metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetic neuropathy pain is a complication of diabetes. Reducing pain is essential to improving the quality of life of patients with diabetic neuropathy. This study aimed to determine the effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on pain levels and quality of life in diabetic neuropathy patients at Cengkareng Regional Hospital.
Methods: This research design is a quantitative study with a Quasy Experiment approach with one equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data collection using VAS and WHO-QOL questionnaires. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately with the Shapiro Wilk test using Jamovi 2.3.28 software.
Results: There was a difference in pain levels before and after being given aromatherapy massage with lavender oil in diabetic neuropathy patients with a P value of 0.017 with an effect size of 1.22. Meanwhile, for the quality of life of diabetic neuropathy patients, a P value of 0.274 was obtained, indicating that there was no difference in the level of quality of life of patients after being given aromatherapy massage with lavender oil with an effect size of 0.494.
Conclusion: It is hoped that aromatherapy massage with lavender oil can be used as input for health services in reducing pain levels and improving the quality of life of diabetic neuropathy patients

Marketing Strategies That Impact Patient Loyalty in Hospitals: An Empirical Literature Perspective

2025-07-31T15:17:18+00:00

Background: In an era of increasingly tight healthcare competition, patient loyalty is an important indicator of hospital success. This loyalty is not only influenced by the quality of medical services alone, but also by the effectiveness of the communication and marketing strategies implemented. Hospital marketing strategies that are able to build long-term relationships with patients are now the focus of study, especially in the context of how these strategies can increase patient trust and retention. Therefore, it is important to identify marketing strategies that have been empirically proven to have an impact on patient loyalty.Methods: This study uses a systematic literature review approach, which examines and evaluates five selected scientific papers from various hospital contexts in Indonesia and Japan. The literature review involves qualitative and quantitative studies to gain a comprehensive understanding of effective marketing strategies. The selection process of articles is based on their relevance, credibility, and contribution to the topic of patient loyalty in healthcare marketing.Results: The results of the analysis show that the two main strategies that are dominant and significant in increasing patient loyalty are Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and relationship marketing.Conclusion: This study confirms that patient loyalty is not only formed by the quality of medical services, but also by integrated, adaptive, and long-term-oriented communication and marketing strategies. These findings provide an important contribution in formulating more strategic health service marketing policies that focus on sustainable patient relationships, so that they can be a practical reference for hospital managers in increasing institutional competitiveness.

Respiratory Health Risks from H₂S Exposure at Indonesian Landfills: A Review of Key Individual and Exposure Related Risk Factors

2025-08-02T06:15:10+00:00

Background: Landfills emit various hazardous gases through the decomposition of waste, one of which is hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a gas that is particularly harmful to the human respiratory system. Individuals living or working near landfills are at higher risk of developing respiratory disorders due to prolonged exposure to polluted air. This review aimed to identify the risk factors of H₂S exposure from landfills that contribute to respiratory problems.
Methods: A literature review methodology was used by collecting studies from Google Scholar. Sixteen articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria after identification and screening.
Results: The results of the review indicate that respiratory disorders are influenced by various factors, such as H2S concentration, H2S intake, H2S RQ value, exposure patterns (duration, frequency, and intensity), and individual characteristics (age, gender, nutritional status, use of personal protective equipment).
Conclusion: The concentration of H2S is relatively low compared to other gases produced from TPA, and individual risk factors have an impact on lung function disorders.

Potential of Propolis for Diabetic Wound Healing: A Literature Review

2025-08-03T13:16:39+00:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder often leads to impaired wound healing, a serious complication resulting in diabetic ulcers, infections and even amputations. Conventional treatments for diabetic wounds can be costly and have side effects. Propolis, a natural resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plants, has long been recognized for including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This literature review aims to summarize and analysed the scientific evidence regarding the potential of propolis in accelerating wound healing in diabetic conditions.
Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Watase UAKE and Proquest using relevant keywords including "propolis," "wound," "diabetic ulcer,". The selected articles included original research studies only that discussed the potential of propolis in diabetic wound healing. Inclusion criteria were articles published in English and specifically addressing the effects of propolis on wound healing in diabetic patients, randomised clinical trial sampling technique and the article published in 2015-2025.
Results: The article search process found in Google Scholar are 184 articles, PubMed are 10 articles, Science Direct are 185 articles, EBSCO are one article, and Watase UAKE is one article and ProQuest are 721 articles. There were 2 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The article discussed the potential and relationship of propolis with Erythema and Exudates, White Blood Cell (WBC) Count and ESR, Ulcer Discharge, Surrounding Erythema, Wound healing, connective tissue formation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, HbA1c level.
Conclusion: Propolis, as a natural product, offers a potential alternative or complementary treatment to conventional therapies. affects wound healing through a complex process erythema and exudates, White Blood Cell (WBC) Count and ESR, ulcer discharge, surrounding erythema, wound healing, connective tissue formation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, HbA1c level. This is a new strategy for managing diabetic foot ulcers.

The Effect of Balance Exercise on Muscle Strength in the Elderly at UPT Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Glenmore

2025-08-03T14:45:54+00:00

Background: The aging process causes a decline in musculoskeletal function, one of which is decreased muscle strength, which impacts balance and independence in older adults. Balance training is one physical intervention that can improve muscle strength in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of balance exercise on muscle strength in older adults at the UPT Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Glenmore.
Methods: This study used a questionnaire-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consisted of 30 elderly people selected by total sampling. Muscle strength was measured using the Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) instrument before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.
Results: Before the intervention, most elderly people had mild muscle strength (76.7%). After the balance exercise intervention, the majority of elderly people experienced an increase in muscle strength to the normal category (73.3%). The Wilcoxon test results showed a P-value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating a significant effect of balance exercise on muscle strength in elderly people.
Conclusion: Balance exercise significantly improves muscle strength in older adults. This intervention can be implemented as a routine exercise program to improve physical function and quality of life in older adults.

Application of Tens and William Flexion Exercise in Patients With Non Spesific Low Back Pain

2025-08-03T13:50:01+00:00

Background: Non-Specific Low Back Pain is a musculoskeletal disorder caused by abnormalities or dysfunctions in musculoskeletal structures without any neurological involvement. This condition is most commonly found in workplaces, especially among individuals who perform activities with incorrect body posture. Non-specific LBP may result from muscle strain or lack of spinal movement, which leads to weakened or tense back muscles.
Methods: This study aims to determine the physiotherapy management using a combination of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and William Flexion Exercises in reducing pain and improving mobility in patients with non-specific low back pain. The study employs a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design. TENS was applied to the lumbar area for 15–20 minutes using conventional frequency, combined with progressively performed William Flexion Exercises over a period of two weeks. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional ability was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
Results: The results showed a significant reduction in pain levels based on VAS scores and an improvement in functional ability as indicated by ODI scores after the combined therapy.
Conclusion: The combination of TENS and William Flexion Exercises is effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain.

Formulation And Physical Quality Test Of Black Glutinous Rice (Oryza Sativa L. Var. Glutinosa) And Olive Oil Body Scrub

2025-08-03T13:14:10+00:00

Background: The purpose of using a body scrub is to remove dead skin cells and dirt, and unclog pores, resulting in brighter, whiter skin. Many types of body scrubs are available today, each with a variety of benefits, from smoothing to whitening. Black glutinous rice is currently a popular choice for use in cosmetics. Black glutinous rice contains 109.52–256.61 mg of anthocyanin per 100 grams. The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins can be enhanced by the presence of other phytochemicals, such as flavanols, catechins, or vitamins, which are also commonly found in fruit.
Methods: This research method is experimental in making body scrub preparations from black sticky rice as the active ingredient with varying concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Evaluation of the body scrub preparations by looking at the results of the physical quality of the preparations which include organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, adhesion tests, and spreadability tests. The body scrub preparations will be tested for 3 days and stored at room temperature. Data are analyzed descriptively by comparing them to the Indonesian National Standard.
Results: The results of the study showed that the preparation met the physical quality requirements, the results of organoleptic quality, namely the formulation of body scrub preparations F1, F2, and F3. The results of the pH test of F1, F2, F3 were in the range of 6.03-6.48, the results of the spreadability test showed results in the range of 4.48-6.98, and the adhesion test produced a range of 0.2.30 -0.2.45.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the formulations F1, F2 and F3 with the addition of olive oil have good physical quality, are stable and meet the Indonesian National Standard.

Effectiveness of Infant Massage and Classical Music Therapy on Sleep Quality Among Children Aged 6-12 Months

2025-08-03T13:50:15+00:00

Background: Infant sleep quality is crucial for growth and development, yet many infants experience sleep disturbances. This study explores the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions, massage and classical music in improving sleep quality in infants.
Methods: This study was conducted at Puskesmas Gogagoman in North Sulawesi, involving 48 infants aged 6–12 months, randomly assigned to massage, classical music, or control groups. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design, researchers assessed sleep quality before and after interventions. Data were collected using the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI) and analyzed using non-parametric tests, including the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test.
Results: The major findings of this study indicate that infant massage significantly improved sleep quality compared to both classical music therapy and the control group. After the intervention, the massage group showed the greatest reduction in sleep disturbance scores (mean score dropped from 2.88 to 1.13), followed by the music group (mean score dropped to 1.94), while the control group showed minimal change (mean score of 2.81). Statistical tests confirmed that these differences were significant, highlighting that massage therapy was the most effective intervention for enhancing infant sleep quality.
Conclusion: This study concludes that infant massage is more effective than classical music in improving sleep quality in infants. Both interventions were better than no treatment.

Validation of the UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Ascorbic Acid Content in Beverage Preparations Based on a Standard Vitamin C Calibration Curve

2025-08-03T13:16:22+00:00

Background: Vitamin C or ascorbic acid (C₆H₈O₆) is an essential water-soluble compound, widely used in functional beverages due to its antioxidant properties. This compound plays a role in neutralizing free radicals, strengthening the immune system, and helping the absorption of iron in the body. Packaged beverages containing vitamin C can experience degradation due to storage temperature (pH), production process, and the length of product circulation on the market. This impacts degradation of ascorbic acid and decreases the levels of vitamin C in beverage preparations, so accurate and validated analytical methods are needed to ensure the conformity of ascorbic acid levels with the label.
Methods: Determination of ascorbic acid levels using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength. A standard curve was prepared from a standard vitamin C solution with a concentration of 10–18 ppm, resulting in a regression equation as the basis for calculating sample levels. Method validation included linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ) tests according to quantitative analysis guidelines.
Results: The standard curve equation is Y = 0.020x + 0.030Y with r2 = 0.995r indicating good linearity. The vitamin C content in the sample is 1.045 mg/140 mL or 103.5% of the label (1000 mg), still within the Pharmacopoeia limits (90–110%). The LOD and LOQ values are 0.429 ppm and 1.3 ppm, respectively. The precision results show a %RSD of 0.1260% and an accuracy (% recovery) of 103.5%.
Conclusion:The results showed that the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method had good linearity, accuracy, and precision. The vitamin C content in the product met standards. Validation parameters demonstrated that this method was consistent in analyzing vitamin C in beverage preparations.

Analysis of Clinical Success in HIV/AIDS Patients with First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy

2025-08-10T02:31:50+00:00

Background: Clinical success in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) is influenced by various factors, including treatment adherence, regular follow-up visits, and monitoring of clinical outcomes such as weight gain and the absence of opportunistic infections (OIs). Opportunistic infections are considered a key indicator of ART failure and are strongly associated with advanced disease stages and low CD4 counts. This study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients and evaluate the relationship between body weight and the incidence of opportunistic infections in patients receiving ART.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used retrospective data from 95 HIV/AIDS patients collected through consecutive sampling. Data included demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, education, occupation), clinical stage (WHO), CD4 count, body weight, ART regimen, and opportunistic infections. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with a p-value ≤0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Most patients were male (52.6%) and in the productive age range of 25–46 years (74.7%). The majority were married (54.7%), had low educational attainment, and were employed (76.8%). Clinically, 88.4% were at WHO stage III, and 80% had CD4 counts <350 cells/mm³. Low body weight (<60 kg) was found in 93.7% of patients. Opportunistic infections occurred in 26.3% of patients. A statistically significant association was found between body weight and opportunistic infections (p = 0.041). However, the OR of 1.086 (95% CI: 0.479–2.464) indicated no clinically significant difference in the risk of opportunistic infections between patients with body weight <60 kg and those >60 kg.
Conclusion: Although low body weight was statistically associated with opportunistic infections, it did not present a significantly increased clinical risk. Nonetheless, opportunistic infections among patients highlights the importance of early intervention, nutritional support, and timely initiation of ART to improve treatment outcomes in HIV/AIDS management.

The Effectiveness of Yoga in Reducing Dysmenorrhea Pain in Adolescent Girls

2025-08-09T07:57:49+00:00

Background: In Indonesia, primary dysmenorrhea reaches 72.89%. The severity of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls occurs in various levels, ranging from mild, moderate, to severe. There are various factors that play a role in influencing the severity of dysmenorrhea, including age, nutritional status, age at first menstruation, age of mother's menstruation, experience of pain at first menstruation, menstrual cycle, duration of menstruation, physical condition before menstruation, frequency of dysmenorrhea, duration of dysmenorrhea.
Methods: This research design uses one group pretest-posttest design. Research conducted in Desa Bangun Rejo. The population in this study were female adolescents who experienced primary dysmenorrhea. This study used non-probability sampling with consecutive sampling by distributing questionnaires to see the scale of dysmenorrhea pain to be taken as a sample with the number of samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample obtained was 30 respondents with a moderate pain scale. The research instrument used a dysmenorrhea questionnaire sheet with a measurement scale NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). Data analysis using non-parametric statistics Wilcoxon test to determine the effect of yoga movements in reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.
Results: Research conducted on 30 respondents showed that Dysmenorrhea before doing yoga with an average score of 1.37 with the lowest score of 0 and the highest score of 2. The results of the study conducted on 30 respondents showed that Dysmenorrhea after doing yoga (Post test) with an average score (Mean) of 0.63 while the lowest score was at a score of 0 and the highest score was at a score of 2. The results of the bivariate analysis test were obtained by conducting a statistical test of the Wilcoxon Test and obtained significant results p-value = 0.000 (p <0.05).
Conclusion: There was a significant difference in Dysmenorrhea before and after being given gymnastics treatment, so it can be concluded that there is the effectiveness of yoga gymnastics in reducing dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls.

The Effectiveness of Antenatal Class Education on Improving Maternal Preparedness in Facing Postpartum Hemorrhage

2025-08-09T07:56:42+00:00

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a leading cause of maternal mortality globally and in Indonesia. A key contributing factor is the lack of maternal preparedness in recognizing danger signs and responding promptly. Antenatal education, particularly through structured programs such as the Pregnant Women Class, is a strategic intervention to enhance maternal knowledge and readiness. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of antenatal class education in improving maternal preparedness in facing postpartum hemorrhage in Bangun Rejo Village in 2025.
Methods: A pre-experimental study using a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted in Bangun Rejo Village from May to June 2025. Thirty third-trimester pregnant women were selected through purposive sampling. Participants attended a 90-minute antenatal class session focused on postpartum hemorrhage, delivered through lectures, discussions, and visual media. Preparedness was measured using a standardized questionnaire before and one week after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Paired T-Test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: The mean preparedness score increased from 62.40 (±8.215) before the intervention to 78.73 (±6.542) after, with a mean difference of 16.33 (±7.49). The statistical analysis showed a significant improvement (p = 0.000). Additionally, the number of mothers with high preparedness increased from 0% to 73.3% post-intervention.
Conclusion: Antenatal class education significantly improves maternal preparedness to face postpartum hemorrhage. This intervention enhances not only knowledge but also awareness, decision-making ability, and proactive behavior among pregnant women. It is recommended to integrate such educational strategies more broadly into maternal health services to reduce preventable maternal deaths.

The Relationship Between Distribution of Pharmacy Locations and The Availability of Pharmaceutical Services In Kediri City

2025-08-13T07:47:29+00:00

Background: Pharmaceutical services are a vital component of the healthcare system, with pharmacies serving not only as sources of medication but also as centers for drug-related consultation. Kediri City, one of the major cities in East Java, has a population of approximately 295,230 people and an area of 63.4 km², with 156 pharmacies distributed across its regions. However, the uneven distribution of pharmacies may affect public access to pharmaceutical services. This study aimed to analyze the impact of pharmacy distribution on community access to pharmaceutical services in Kediri City.
Methods: A quantitative approach was employed using data from the local Health Office, field observations, and a survey of 102 respondents across three districts.
Result: The results reveal that areas with a higher number of strategically located pharmacies enjoy better access to pharmaceutical services, whereas regions with fewer pharmacies experience access barriers, such as longer travel time, limited service availability, and lower patient satisfaction.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of regulation and oversight in pharmacy distribution to ensure equitable access to services across all areas. Limitations of the study include a limited number of respondents, simple random sampling without stratification, and constrained observational scope. The study recommends policy development for pharmacy distribution based on regional needs to improve access and quality of pharmaceutical services in Kediri City.

Human Error and Near Misses in Hospital Occupational Safety: A Root Cause Analysis Using HFACS Framework

2025-08-03T14:44:26+00:00

Background: Occupational health and safety (OHS) at hospitals is at high risk of near-miss events and human error, both of which have an influence on healthcare workers' safety and service quality. Although many hospitals have technical SOPs, problems still occur because the underlying reasons are rarely properly investigated. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework can assist uncover the underlying causes of accidents, however its implementation in Indonesian hospitals is limited.
Methods: This study used a qualitative case study methodology and a root cause analysis technique based on HFACS. Data were gathered over a six-month period by reviewing near-miss occurrence reports and conducting in-depth interviews with seven key informants at Patut Patuh Patju Hospital in West Lombok. Thematic analysis was carried out using NVivo, with data triangulation and member verification.
Results: A total of 27 near-miss occurrences were discovered, with root cause patterns spanning all four levels of HFACS: risky acts, preconditions for unsafe acts, insufficient supervision, and organizational impacts. SOP breaches, weariness from heavy workloads, inadequate supervision, and an incident reporting culture that did not yet support the program were among the most significant issues.
Conclusion: The deployment of HFACS successfully maps the interactions that produce OHS events at all levels in hospitals. These findings highlight the need of transforming the workplace safety culture into a non-punitive learning culture, which is supported by active supervision, continuing training, and work management rules that are more sensitive to tiredness concerns.

Assessment of Readiness for Implementing a School Lunch Program among Primary School Children

2025-08-03T14:05:19+00:00

Background: Elementary school children are in a period of rapid growth and development, which requires adequate nutritional intake. Unfortunately, many school-age children skip lunch or consume meals that lack nutritional value. School lunch programs have been proven to improve nutritional status, learning concentration, and student attendance. In Indonesia, school lunch programs have not been implemented evenly, particularly in public schools. The Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) has the potential to serve as a model area for the implementation of such programs; however, a readiness assessment is required beforehand, considering the perspectives of schools.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a survey method. Samples were taken from several public elementary schools located in urban and semi-urban areas of the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to school principals and key decision-makers within the school environment. The data were analyzed descriptively to identify trends, logistical readiness, and stakeholder support. This study obtained ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan with the approval code 012408284, issued on September 6, 2024.
Result: Based on the survey results, it was found that school readiness in terms of infrastructure still faces several challenges. Though the school stated overall readiness, this school lunch program gives benefits such as food behavior change, increasing nutritional status, increasing student performance, and school reputation.
Conclusion: Most elementary and Islamic elementary schools (MI) in Yogyakarta reported that they are not yet fully prepared to implement the school lunch program. However, they expressed willingness to participate if supported by the local government and provided with clear technical implementation guidelines. An initial intervention in the form of a pilot project is necessary to evaluate the program’s effectiveness and to make necessary operational adjustments

The Effectiveness of Endorphin Massage Combined with Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain and Anxiety During the Active Phase of the First Stage of Labor at Labuha Regional Hospital

2025-08-03T14:42:58+00:00

Background: Labor pain and anxiety, primarily caused by uterine contractions, are common experiences during childbirth and can lead to complications if not properly managed. Non-pharmacological methods such as endorphin massage and nutmeg aromatherapy offer promising alternatives for pain and anxiety reduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of endorphin massage in combination with nutmeg aromatherapy in reducing pain and anxiety during the active phase of the first stage of labor.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed. The intervention group received endorphin massage alongside nutmeg aromatherapy, while the control group was given nutmeg aromatherapy alone. A total of 52 laboring women in the active phase of first-stage labor at Labuha Regional Hospital during May–June 2025 were recruited using purposive sampling, with 26 participants in each group. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets. Descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, and both paired and unpaired statistical tests were utilized. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess group differences.
Results: In the control group, Wilcoxon tests showed significant reductions in both pain (p = 0.000) and anxiety levels (p = 0.000) following the aromatherapy intervention. The treatment group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain (Z = -6.102, p = 0.000) and anxiety (Z = -3.074, p = 0.002) compared to the control group, indicating the added benefit of endorphin massage.
Conclusion: The combination of endorphin massage and nutmeg aromatherapy is effective in significantly reducing labor-related pain and anxiety. This method may be recommended as a supportive non-pharmacological intervention to enhance maternal comfort and care quality during labor, particularly by midwives.

The Influence of Health Education on Blood Sugar Levels and Foot Care Behavior in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2025-08-13T15:42:48+00:00

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term illness that needs serious care and can cause significant problems, such as sores on the feet. Good knowledge and behavior regarding foot care can prevent and delay potential complications. Therefore, health education regarding foot care is crucial for DM patients. This study aimed to analyse the effect of health education on blood sugar levels and foot care behavior in diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: This study used a literature review approach using the PRISMA protocol. The article search strategy and research questions were formulated using the PICO framework in the initial stage. Google Scholar, Garuda, and SINTA databases were used for the book search. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively.
Results: Health education effectively improves knowledge and foot care behavior in patients with DM. This can, in turn, prevent complications such as diabetic ulcers and improve foot care behavior (daily inspection, hygiene, footwear selection, and early help-seeking) in people with diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: Health education has been proven effective in improving knowledge and foot care behavior in diabetes mellitus patients, which can prevent complications such as diabetic ulcers.

Risk Factors for Overweight Among Students at SDN 104219 Tanjung Anom

2025-08-03T12:34:58+00:00

Background: The increase in cases of malnutrition among elementary school children is caused by high-energy, low-fiber diets, inactive lifestyles, environments that encourage fast food consumption, and a lack of nutrition education. This study aims to analyze risk factors for overweight among elementary school students.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design conducted on April 20-21, 2025, at SDN 104219 Tanjung Anom. The research subjects were all grades IV and V students, totaling 52 people, who were selected using the total sampling technique. The independent variables consisted of fast food, sweet food, snack food, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity. The dependent variable was overweight. Food consumption data were collected using the 2×24-Hour Recall method (school days and weekends) to obtain a more accurate picture of average intake. Physical activity was measured with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Data analysis using the Chi-square test and logistic regression.
Results: Fast food consumption (p < 0.001; OR = 10.8; 95% CI = 2.512-46.423), consumption of sweets (p < 0.001; OR = 23.8; 95% CI = 4.383-126.670), snack consumption (p < 0.001; OR = 15.4; 95% CI = 2.898-25.959) has a significant association with overweight of school children. Fruit and vegetable consumption (p = 0.509; OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.187-2.302), physical activity (p = 0.238; OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.135-1.657) showed no significant association with overweight of school children.
Conclusion: Eating fast food, sweet foods, and snacks more than three times a week is a risk factor for overweight in elementary school children.

Analysis Of Risk Factors For Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDS) Among Water Depot Workers

2025-08-09T08:04:56+00:00

Background: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are health problems frequently experienced by workers with repetitive and strenuous physical activities, such as manually transporting water gallons at water depots. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between individual factors (age, work duration, and length of service) and ergonomic factors (work posture) with the incidence of MSDs among water depot workers in Indra Kasih Village, Medan City.
Methods: This study used quantitative methods with a total sampling of 40 respondents, using questionnaires and direct observation. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square test), and multivariate methods.
Results: The results showed that 25 respondents (62.9%) were diagnosed with MSDs, while 15 respondents (37.5%) were undiagnosed. No significant association was found between age (p=0.622), length of service (p=0.722), or length of service (p=1.000) with the incidence of MSDs. However, there was a significant association between work posture and MSDs (p=0.005, OR=7.071).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that unergonomic work postures significantly increase the risk of MSDs. This study recommends ergonomic interventions, the provision of lifting aids, and regular training for workers to minimize the risk of MSDs.

Formulation of Fibrauren tinctoria Lour. Extract Serum, As an Antioxidant with the 1,1-Diphenyl 2-Picryhydrazyl (DPPH) Method

2025-09-17T07:59:26+00:00

Background: Serum is a preparation with a high concentration of active ingredients and low viscosity, which delivers a thin film of active ingredients to the skin surface. The use of Fibraurea tinctoria has been carried out since ancient times by the Dayak, Banjar, and Kutai tribes as a traditional treatment for liver disease, diabetes, and to increase the body's immunity from various causes of disease such as bacteria. Fibraurea tinctoria is believed to be able to ward off the negative effects caused by free radicals such as antioxidants.
Methods: This experimental study investigated the antioxidant activity of Fibraurea tinctoria extract serum with varying concentrations of hydroxyethyl cellulose 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% using the DPPH methods, which is simple, easy, fast, and sensitive, and requires a small sample. This method provides information on the reactivity of the tested compound with a stable radical. Evaluations of the Fibraurea tinctoria extract serum preparation was carried out by observing the results of physical quality tests, including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, adhesion tests, and spreadability tests. The serum preparation was tested for 3 days and stored at room temperature. Data were analyzed descriptively by comparing it with the Indonesian National Standard.
Results: The results showed that the serum extract preparations of Fibraurea tinctoria F1^st, F2^nd, and F3^rd showed varying IC₅₀ values, where lower values indicated stronger antioxidant potential. Formulation F3^rd showed the lowest IC₅₀ value (3.11 ppm), F2^nd (3.74 ppm) and F1^st (4.67 ppm), all of which were stronger than the base (5.11 ppm).
Conclusion: In this research, formulations F1^st, F2^nd, and F3^rd had the highest antioxidant activity, with F3^rd at a concentration of 2.0%. The identified strong antioxidant activity is the main basis for the potential of Fibraurea tinctoria extract serum as an active antioxidant ingredient.

Stunting Prevention Efforts Through Mentoring the Use of the SCATION (Stunting Care Application) for Mothers of Toddlers in the Medan City Community Health Center Work Area

2025-09-02T05:06:07+00:00

Background: Stunting is still one of the main health problems in Indonesia that has an impact on physical growth, cognitive development, and the quality of human resources in the future. The use of digital technology, especially mobile-based health applications, is one of the innovative strategies in supporting stunting prevention efforts. This study aimed to analyze the effect of assistance in the use of SCATION (Stunting Care Application) applications on improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of mothers under five in stunting prevention.
Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest with control group design. The sample amounted to 128 mothers under five who were divided into an intervention group (64 people) and a control group (64 people) using the proportionate simple random sampling technique.
Results: Data was collected through knowledge questionnaires, early interventions, digital literacy, and application usage logs, then analyzed using the Chi-Square bivariate test and the differential test (t-test/Wilcoxon). The results showed that assistance in the use of the SCATION application had a significant effect on increasing maternal knowledge about stunting (p < 0.05), changes in stunting prevention attitudes and behaviors, and the sustainability of application use after the intervention period. Mothers with good digital literacy, family support, and adequate internet access were more consistent in using apps and showed better preventive behaviors than the control group.
Conclusion: SCATION application assistance has proven to be more effective and efficient than conventional methods in improving stunting prevention efforts in mothers under five. Digital technology-based interventions are worthy of being used as an innovative strategy in supporting the national program to accelerate stunting reduction.

Molecular Docking Of Quercetin As An Anti-Breast Cancer Agent

2025-09-22T22:31:05+00:00

Background: Breast cancer is a major global health problem and a leading cause of death in women. Flavonoid compounds, particularly quercetin, have been extensively studied for their diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Advances in computational technology in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry, particularly molecular docking, offer opportunities to predict interactions between ligands and target receptors quickly, efficiently, and at low cost. This study aimed to identify Molecular Docking Of Quercetin As An Anti-Breast Cancer Agent.
Methods: The ligand compounds were obtained from PubChem and the receptor clusters were obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Instrumens used VivoBook_AsusLaptop X409JB Intel ® Core ™ i3-1005G1 CPU @1.20GHz 12 RAM. The independent variables of this study were Quercetin and Doxorubicin to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6 (CDK6).
Results: Molecular docking results show that quercetin has an average binding affinity value of –6.19 kcal/mol, while the positive control doxorubicin has an average value of –7.3 kcal/mol against the Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) receptor. Amino acid similarities were found in the receptors for quercetin and doxorubicin. The same bound amino acids were found on the 3NUP, 3NUX, and 4EZ5 receptors with Van Der Walls Bond. Amino acid similarities were found in the receptors for quercetin and doxorubicin. The 4NUP receptor contains the same amino acids: Phenylalanine (A:164) and Histidine (A:143), while the 3NUX receptor contains Lysine (A:26), Valine (A:45), Valine (A:27), and Phenylalanine (A:164). Meanwhile, the 4EZ5 receptor has the same amino acids, namely Glycine (A:22), Glycine (A:20), and Asparagine (A:104). This indicates a similarity in the mechanisms of action between quercetin and doxorubicin.
Conclusion: Quercetin has great potential as a candidate for breast cancer treatment