Open Access Health Scientific Journal

Relationship Between Knowledge Level About Anemia and Anemia Prevention Behavior Among Female Adolescents

Dwi Agustiana Sari, Jennifa Jennifa, Puji Rahayu — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Anemia remains one of the leading nutritional health problems among adolescent girls and may negatively affect physical health, cognitive function, academic performance, and future reproductive outcomes. Adequate knowledge regarding anemia is expected to encourage adolescents to adopt appropriate preventive behaviors.
Methods: This quantitative study employed a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted at SMA N 2 Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study population consisted of 357 female adolescents, and 189 participants were selected using proportionate random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing respondents' knowledge about anemia and anemia prevention behavior. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents' characteristics, while Spearman's rank correlation test was performed to determine the relationship between knowledge and preventive behavior with a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: Most respondents were 16 years old and were enrolled in grade X or XI. The majority demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge regarding anemia (52.4%) and moderate anemia prevention behavior (65.1%). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between knowledge level and anemia prevention behavior (p<0.001; r=0.263), indicating that adolescents with better knowledge tended to demonstrate better preventive behavior despite the weak strength of correlation.
Conclusion: There was a significant positive relationship between knowledge about anemia and anemia prevention behavior among female adolescents. Strengthening educational interventions within school health programs may improve adolescents' knowledge and encourage healthier behaviors to prevent anemia

Risk-Based Regulatory Model for Healthcare Workers with Communicable Diseases in Ensuring Patient Safety in Indonesia

Anak Agung Gede Jaya Semara, I Nyoman Bayu Mahendra — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Patient safety is a fundamental principle in healthcare systems aimed at ensuring safe and high-quality healthcare services. However, Indonesian regulations concerning healthcare workers with communicable diseases remain inadequate, particularly regarding periodic health screening and risk-based practice restrictions. This study aimed to analyze the Indonesian legal framework from a patient safety perspective and to formulate a risk-based regulatory model.
Methods: This study employed normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The statutory approach examined Indonesian laws and regulations related to patient safety, healthcare workers, infection prevention and control, and labor law. The conceptual approach analyzed principles of health law and bioethics, including patient safety, non-maleficence, beneficence, and the precautionary principle. The comparative approach compared Indonesian regulations with international standards issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Health Service (NHS). Data were collected through documentary and library research using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively through grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation, and legal harmonization analysis.
Results: The study found that Indonesian regulations have not comprehensively regulated periodic health screening, risk-based practice restrictions, and monitoring systems for healthcare workers with communicable diseases. Significant normative gaps and legal uncertainty remain regarding the balance between healthcare workers’ rights and patient safety. Compared with CDC and NHS standards, Indonesia has not yet optimally implemented a risk-based regulatory approach.
Conclusion: Indonesia requires a comprehensive risk-based health regulatory framework integrating patient safety, healthcare workers’ rights, and proportional supervisory mechanisms. The proposed “Risk-Based Integrated Health Regulation” model may serve as a foundation for future health law reform and patient safety protection in Indonesia.

The Effectiveness of Audiovisual-Based Reproductive Health Education in Preventing Risky Sexual Behavior Among Junior High School Adolescents in Urban Communities

Jetty Mongdong, Kartini Estelita Tungka, Jolie Febri Ponamon — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood characterized by psychological instability and increased susceptibility to negative influences when adequate supervision and education are lacking. Inadequate reproductive health knowledge may increase the likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors. This study aimed to analyze the effect of reproductive health education delivered through audiovisual media on the prevention of risky sexual behavior among junior high school adolescents in urban areas.

Methods: A quantitative study with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 33 junior high school students. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing efforts to prevent risky sexual behavior. Participants received reproductive health education through audiovisual media. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results: Among the participants, most were 13 years old (63.6%), Christian (63.6%), and had two siblings (48.5%). Before the intervention, 66.7% of respondents demonstrated a moderate level of risky sexual behavior prevention efforts, while 33.3% were categorized as poor. After the intervention, 81.8% of respondents achieved a good level of prevention efforts and 18.2% remained in the moderate category. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a statistically significant improvement in prevention efforts following the intervention (Z = -4.916, p < 0.001)

Conclusion: Reproductive health education delivered through audiovisual media significantly improved the prevention of risky sexual behavior among junior high school adolescents in urban areas. Audiovisual media can be considered an effective educational approach for promoting reproductive health awareness and preventive behaviors among adolescents.

OSH-Based School Building Safety Risk Evaluation through Workplace Environmental Measurements at MAN Islam Cendekiawan

Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: School buildings are important educational facilities that must provide a safe, healthy, and comfortable environment to support learning activities. Inadequate management of workplace environmental conditions and building safety aspects may increase potential risks to students, teachers, and school staff. The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) principles in school facilities is essential to identify hazards, prevent accidents, and improve safety management. This study aimed to evaluate school building safety based on OSH principles through workplace environmental measurements and assessment of safety conditions at MAN Islam Cendekiawa.
Methods: This study used a descriptive quantitative design with an observational approach. Data were collected through direct measurements of workplace environmental parameters, including lighting intensity using a lux meter, temperature and humidity using a thermo-hygrometer, and noise levels using a sound level meter. Observations were also conducted to assess physical building conditions, ventilation systems, building maintenance, and safety facilities. The collected data were analyzed descriptively by comparing the measurement results with applicable Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards.
Results: The results showed that workplace environmental conditions at MAN Islam Cendekiawa were generally adequate to support educational activities. Lighting intensity, temperature, humidity, and noise levels were within acceptable limits based on OSH requirements. However, several aspects, including ventilation optimization, routine building maintenance, and improvement of safety facilities, require further attention to minimize potential hazards and enhance school safety management.
Conclusion: The evaluation of school building safety through workplace environmental measurements provides an effective preventive approach for identifying potential hazards and improving OSH implementation in educational facilities. Continuous monitoring, improvement of infrastructure, and strengthening of safety management systems are recommended to create a safer and healthier learning environment. This study contributes to the development of OSH practices in schools and supports efforts to protect the health and safety of students, teachers, and school personnel.

The Effect of Facial Massage on Mouth Closure Ability in Toddlers at Pal 3 Community Health Center, Pontianak

Therecia Wijayati, Marice Marice, Youlenta Ernesotha — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Feeding difficulties associated with poor mouth closure ability may impair oral motor function and negatively affect nutritional intake and child growth. Facial massage has been introduced as a simple, non-pharmacological intervention to stimulate facial muscles and improve oral motor performance; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness among toddlers remains limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of facial massage on mouth closure ability among toddlers at Pal 3 Community Health Center, Pontianak.
Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted from January to March 2026 at Pal 3 Community Health Center, Pontianak. A total of 40 toddlers aged 1–5 years were recruited using purposive sampling. Facial massage using almond oil was administered twice weekly. Mouth closure ability was assessed before and after the intervention using a structured observation checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Before the intervention, 90.0% of toddlers demonstrated poor mouth closure ability, while only 10.0% showed good mouth closure ability. Following facial massage, the proportion of toddlers with good mouth closure ability increased to 90.0%, whereas the proportion with poor mouth closure ability decreased to 10.0%. The mean mouth closure score increased from 2.25 ± 2.34 to 7.20 ± 2.80, with a mean difference of 4.95 ± 0.47. Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement after the intervention (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Facial massage significantly improved mouth closure ability among toddlers and may serve as a safe, simple, and cost-effective complementary intervention to enhance oral motor function in primary healthcare settings.

Behavioral Analysis of Malaria Incidence in the Working Area of Hebeybhulu Yoka Public Health Center, Jayapura City

Dolfinus Yufu Bouway, Elsa Destalya Pasanda, Konstantina Marthina Pariaribo — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Malaria remains a global public health concern. In Jayapura City, Hebeybhulu Yoka Public Health Center ranked second highest in malaria cases in 2024, with 2,797 cases recorded. This study aimed to analyze behavioral risk factors associated with malaria incidence in the working area of Hebeybhulu Yoka Public Health Center, Jayapura City.
Methods: This analytic survey used a case-control design conducted from 10–30 September 2025. A total of 92 respondents (46 cases and 46 controls; ratio 1:1) were selected using simple random sampling with age matching between groups. Data were collected through structured interviews using a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square, odds ratio), and multivariate (backward LR logistic regression) tests.
Results: Bivariate analysis showed that hanging clothes indoors (p=0.005; OR=3.927; 95% CI=1.583–9.743) and going outdoors at night (p=0.027; OR=3.024; 95% CI=1.218–7.510) were significant risk factors for malaria incidence, while bed net use (p=0.021; OR=0.341; 95% CI=0.145–0.798) and mosquito repellent use (p=0.027; OR=0.331; 95% CI=0.133–0.821) were significant protective factors. Multivariate analysis identified hanging clothes indoors as the most dominant behavioral factor associated with malaria incidence (p=0.015; Exp(B)=3.213; 95% CI=1.254–8.235).
Conclusion: Hanging clothes indoors and nighttime outdoor activity increase the risk of malaria, while bed net and mosquito repellent use are protective. Hanging clothes indoors is the dominant behavioral risk factor in this population. Community-based interventions targeting these specific behaviors are recommended to reduce malaria transmission in the study area.

Effectiveness of Moist Wound Healing Versus Conventional Wound Care for Diabetic Ulcer Healing in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Grasela Lelemboto, Eko Winarto, M Jamaluddin, Fery Agusman Motuho Mendrofa — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Diabetic ulcers are a common complication of diabetes mellitus that often occur on the legs and feet and are difficult to heal because of poor circulation and uncontrolled blood glucose, which can progress to infection and gangrene. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of moist wound healing dressing and conventional wound care on the healing of the inflammatory phase of diabetic ulcers.
Methods: A quasi-experimental, two-group pre-test post-test design was used. Thirty patients with diabetic ulcers at Yunita Wound Care, Manado, were assigned by total sampling to an experimental group (n=15, moist wound healing dressing) and a control group (n=15, conventional wound care). Inflammatory-phase healing (redness, heat, pain, swelling, functional loss) was assessed on day 1 (pre-test) and day 3 (post-test) using a validated questionnaire and analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Independent Samples T-Test.
Results: Post-test scores were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group for redness (1.47 vs 2.47, p=0.001), heat (1.33 vs 2.20, p=0.004), and swelling (1.47 vs 2.27, p=0.000). No significant between-group difference was found for pain (p=0.158) or functional loss (p=0.702).
Conclusion: Moist wound healing dressing is more effective than conventional wound care in accelerating inflammatory-phase healing of diabetic ulcers, particularly in reducing redness, heat, and swelling.

Factors Associated with Stunting Among Children Under Five in the Kanigaran Community Health Center Catchment Area, Probolinggo City

Irma Kurniawati, Raden Maria Veronika Widiatrilupi — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Stunting remains a major public health challenge because it adversely affects children's physical growth, cognitive development, and future productivity. Identifying factors associated with stunting is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study involved 30 children under five years of age selected using total sampling from the Kanigaran Community Health Center catchment area, Probolinggo City. Independent variables included maternal education, household income, exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, history of infectious diseases, environmental sanitation, and parenting practices. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.
Results: Maternal education (p=0.027), household income (p=0.011), exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.037), birth weight (p=0.024), and history of infectious diseases (p=0.045) were significantly associated with childhood stunting. Household income was identified as the strongest predictor in the multivariable model (Adjusted OR=4.42; p=0.012).
Conclusion: Childhood stunting is influenced by multiple socioeconomic and health-related factors, with household income being the strongest determinant. Integrated interventions addressing household economic conditions, maternal education, infant nutrition, and disease prevention are recommended to reduce childhood stunting.

The Effect of Vein Viewer Use on the Success of Intravenous Access in Children at the Emergency Unit

Taufiqqurrahman Taufiqqurrahman, Tuti Asrianti Utami, Fulgensius Surianto — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Advanced technological interventions, specifically near-infrared vein visualization devices, have emerged as potential solutions to facilitate real-time vascular observation. This study aimed to analyze the comprehensive effect of utilizing a vein viewer on the clinical success rate of establishing peripheral intravenous access among pediatric patients.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive correlational design with a quantitative approach and a retrospective cross-sectional method. The research was conducted at the Emergency Unit of X Hospital, Tangerang, utilizing a total sampling technique that gathered secondary records of 85 pediatric patients aged 0–18 years who underwent peripheral intravenous insertion facilitated by the Vein Viewer Vision 2 device between January and December 2024. Univariate analysis described the frequency distributions of patient age, body weight, procedure duration, and puncture frequency. Bivariate evaluation was executed using the Chi-Square test to evaluate the statistical significance of relationships.
Results: First-attempt clinical success in securing peripheral intravenous access reached 68.2%, with the majority of successful procedures completed in less than 10 minutes (68.2%) and requiring exactly one puncture attempt (67.1%). Bivariate statistical testing revealed that pediatric body weight, procedure duration, and the total number of puncture attempts exerted highly significant influences on the final success of intravenous access (p < 0.001). Conversely, the chronological age of the pediatric patients demonstrated no statistically significant correlation with procedural success (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The implementation of near-infrared vein viewer technology significantly sustains high first-attempt insertion success and shortens procedural duration in challenging emergency pediatric cohorts. The device serves as a vital clinical adjunct, particularly for patients with compromised nutritional status or low body weight. Future research should integrate larger multi-center experimental frameworks to expand clinical generalization across diverse pediatric nursing environments.

Formulation and Characterization of Myricetin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) via Ultrasonication Method

Dewi Zulfa Rosida, Muhammad Dzakwan, Hery Muhamad Ansory — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Myricetin is a flavonol flavonoid with promising neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. However, its therapeutic application is severely limited by poor water solubility and a low dissolution rate. This study aimed to enhance the solubility and formulation stability of myricetin by developing a Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) delivery system.
Methods: Myricetin-SLNs were prepared via the ultrasonication method using Tween 80 as a nonionic surfactant. Lipid screening was conducted using Imwitor 491, Dynasan 118, and Apifil at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%. The selected lipid (Apifil at 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) was melted at 100 °C, homogenized with the aqueous phase using a magnetic stirrer at 2000 rpm for 1 hour, cooled to 35 °C, and subjected to probe ultrasonication at 35 kHz for 5 minutes. The SLNs were characterized using a particle size analyzer and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to evaluate storage stability, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
Results: Lipid screening revealed that Apifil-based formulations provided superior physical stability compared to Imwitor 491 and Dynasan 118. The optimized formulation, F7 (containing 2% Apifil), yielded the smallest particle size of 105.5±0.70 nm, a highly homogeneous PDI of 0.232, a zeta potential of -20.52 mV, and the highest entrapment efficiency at 73.56%. Furthermore, F7 demonstrated strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 38.77 ppm, compared to pure myricetin (14.44 ppm).
Conclusion: The formulation of myricetin into Solid Lipid Nanoparticles using 2% Apifil via ultrasonication effectively minimizes particle size and maximizes entrapment efficiency. Although it exhibits lower long-term storage stability at room temperature, it successfully preserves potent antioxidant activity, offering a promising approach for health sciences and advanced drug delivery applications

Evaluation of Physical Parameter Environment in the Hemodialysis Unit Based on Hospital Environmental Health Standards

Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background:The physical environmental quality of a hemodialysis unit plays an important role in supporting safe and comfortable healthcare services, as well as preventing and controlling infections. This study aimed to evaluate the physical environmental parameters of the hemodialysis unit based on the Environmental Health Quality Standards (SBMKL), in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2023.
Methods: This study employed a quantitative descriptive design to evaluate the physical environmental conditions of the treatment and isolation rooms in the hemodialysis unit. The parameters measured included air temperature, relative humidity, lighting, noise levels, Air Changes per Hour (ACH), and air pressure using calibrated instruments. The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing the measurement results with the Environmental Health Quality Standards (SBMKL).
Results: The results showed that the mean air temperatures in the treatment and isolation rooms were 26.3°C and 26.5°C, respectively; relative humidity was 61.1% and 59.3%; lighting intensity was 262.8 lux and 273.2 lux; noise levels were 63.4 dB and 58.0 dB; Air Changes per Hour (ACH) were 21.6 and 19.5 times/hour; and air pressure was 1.5 Pa in both rooms. The lighting and ACH parameters met the applicable standards at all measurement points (100%), whereas air pressure did not meet the standard at any measurement point (0%). Relative humidity and noise levels showed higher compliance in the isolation room than in the treatment room. However, air temperature did not meet the applicable standards in either room.
Conclusion: Based on results the concluded that quality environment physical hemodialysis unit Not yet fully fulfill SBMKL. Evaluation integrated all physical parameters required as indicator performance HVAC system for support quality service, prevention infection, and safety patient.

Health Complaints and Health Insurance Ownership as Determinants of Health Service Utilization among Women of Childbearing Age in Indonesia: Aggregate Data Analysis of the 2025 Health Statistics Profile

Reny Mareta Sari, Niken Agus Tianingrum — Sat, 01 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Women of childbearing age have greater healthcare needs because they require both general and reproductive health services. Nevertheless, healthcare utilization remains suboptimal and may be influenced by health complaints and health insurance ownership. This study aimed to analyze the influence of health complaints and health insurance ownership on healthcare utilization among women of reproductive age in Indonesia.
Methods: This quantitative analytical study employed an ecological (aggregate) design using secondary data from the Indonesia Health Statistics Profile 2025 published by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The unit of analysis encompasses 38 provinces in Indonesia. The dependent variable was the proportion of women of reproductive age with health complaints who utilized outpatient healthcare services. Independent variables included the proportion of women experiencing health complaints that interfered with daily activities and the proportion of women owning health insurance. The data were analyzed descriptively, followed by scatter plot visualization and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The results showed health complaints demonstrated a positive trend with healthcare utilization but were not statistically significant (p = 0.305). In contrast, health insurance ownership was significantly associated with healthcare utilization (p = 0.013). Provinces with higher health insurance coverage tend to have higher healthcare utilization among women of reproductive age. Health insurance ownership is a significant determinant of healthcare utilization among women of reproductive age in Indonesia, whereas health complaints alone do not significantly influence healthcare utilization.
Conclusion: Expanding health insurance coverage may reduce financial barriers and improve equitable access to healthcare services, particularly for women of reproductive age.