Mapping Ambient Temperature and Leptospirosis Cases: A Spatial Approach in Central Java
Main Article Content
Indra Dewi
Yoerdy Agusmal Saputra
Background: Leptospirosis remains a global public health concern as a neglected and re-emerging tropical disease with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the association between ambient temperature and leptospirosis cases in Central Java to elucidate disease transmission patterns.
Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, integrating geographic information system (GIS) analysis with descriptive spatial methods. The study examined leptospirosis cases and ambient temperature trends from 2018 to 2022 across all districts and cities within Central Java Province.
Results: These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating temperature-based risk assessment into public health strategies, particularly through the implementation of spatially driven monitoring systems to identify high-risk regions and mitigate leptospirosis transmission in temperature-prone areas. Spatial analysis revealed that areas characterized by high to moderate minimum, maximum, and average temperatures, such as Banyumas, Demak, and Semarang City, exhibited a greater case of leptospirosis compared to areas with lower temperatures.
Conclusion: This study showed that areas with high and medium minimum, maximum, and average temperatures, such as Banyumas, Demak, and Semarang City, tended to have higher leptospirosis cases than areas with low minimum temperatures, highlighting the need for spatial-based monitoring systems to detect high-risk areas, particularly those with warm ambient temperatures.
Antima, & Banerjee, S. (2023). Modeling the dynamics of leptospirosis in India. Scientific Reports 2023 13:1, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46326-2
Bharti, A. R., Nally, J. E., Ricaldi, J. N., Matthias, M. A., Diaz, M. M., Lovett, M. A., Levett, P. N., Gilman, R. H., Willig, M. R., Gotuzzo, E., & Vinetz, J. M. (2003). Leptospirosis: A zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3(12), 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00830-2/ASSET/280A373E-4444-4D8F-8762-006AC80821AD/MAIN.ASSETS/GR11.SML
Chadsuthi, S., Chalvet-Monfray, K., Geawduanglek, S., Wongnak, P., & Cappelle, J. (2022). Spatial-temporal patterns and risk factors for human leptospirosis in Thailand, 2012-2018. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-022-09079-Y
Costa, F., Hagan, J. E., Calcagno, J., Kane, M., Torgerson, P., Martinez-Silveira, M. S., Stein, C., Abela-Ridder, B., & Ko, A. I. (2015). Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(9), e0003898. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0003898
Cucchi, K., Liu, R., Collender, P. A., Cheng, Q., Li, C., Hoover, C. M., Chang, H. H., Liang, S., Yang, C., & Remais, J. V. (2019). Hydroclimatic drivers of highly seasonal leptospirosis incidence suggest prominent soil reservoir of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in rural western China. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 13(12), e0007968. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0007968
Direktorat Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Menular. (2023). Laporan Kejadian Leptospirosis.
Jayasundara, D., Gamage, C., Senavirathna, I., Warnasekara, J., Matthias, M. A., Vinetz, J. M., & Agampodi, S. (2021). Optimizing the microscopic agglutination test (Mat) panel for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in a low resource, hyper-endemic setting with varied microgeographic variation in reactivity. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0009565
Karpagam, K. B., & Ganesh, B. (2020). Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance-an updated review. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 39(5), 835–846. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10096-019-03797-4
Munoz-Zanzi, C., Groene, E., Morawski, B. M., Bonner, K., Costa, F., Bertherat, E., & Schneider, M. C. (2020). A systematic literature review of leptospirosis outbreaks worldwide, 1970-2012. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health, 44. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.78
Nugroho, A., Joharina, A. S., & Susanti, L. (2017). Karakteristik Lingkungan Abiotik dan Potensi Keberadaan Leptospira Patogenik di Air dalam Kejadian Luar Biasa Leptospirosis di Kota Semarang. Vektora: Jurnal Vektor Dan Reservoir Penyakit, 9(1), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.22435/VK.V9I1.5317.37-42
Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. (2024). Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah: Sejarah. Porta Resmi Provinsi Jawa Tengah. https://jatengprov.go.id/sejarah/
Schafer, I., Galloway, R., & Stoddard, R. (2023, May 1). CDC Yellow Book 2024: Leptospirosis. Centers for Disease Control. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/leptospirosis
Sumanta, H., Wibawa, T., Hadisusanto, S., Nuryati, A., Kusnanto, H., Sumanta, H., Wibawa, T., Hadisusanto, S., Nuryati, A., & Kusnanto, H. (2015). Spatial Analysis of Leptospira in Rats, Water and Soil in Bantul District Yogyakarta Indonesia. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 5(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.4236/OJEPI.2015.51004
Susanna, D., Saputra, Y. A., & Poddar, S. (2022). Analysis of the effect of wind speed in increasing the COVID-19 cases in Jakarta. Protocols.Io. https://www.protocols.io/view/analysis-of-the-effect-of-wind-speed-in-increasing-ewov1odzylr2/v1
Tunissea, A. (2009). Spatial Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors on Leptospirosis Occurrence in Semarang City (as Early Warning System). Universitas Diponegoro.
